This study aimed to examine how CHW have been utilized to support T2DM self-management globally, their preparation for and supervision to perform their functions. The only study that reported no improvement in diabetes knowledge had CHWs trained for a total duration of less than five hours. This includes who should provide the training and for how long. Haregu TN, Mahat K, Miller SM, Oldenburg B. Transl Behav Med. Conclusion: Evidence and lessons from these interventions can be useful for Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa that are experiencing a marked increase in T2DM prevalence. Training models that deliver comprehensive knowledge and enhance CHWs’ capacity to deliver T2DM self-management support is lacking and needs to be developed. We examine whether hospital and community DNS currently support the integration of care, examine regional variation in aspects of the service relevant to the delivery of integrated care and identify barriers to service delivery and areas for improvement. Roles No, Is the Subject Area "Patients" applicable to this article? Support services were often provided in combination and frequently tailored to each individual’s requirement. From the review, training duration seemed to be associated with improved HbA1c and diabetes knowledge. The ultimate goal of T2DM education is to improve self-efficacy in individuals, and as such, any education falling short of this cannot be said to be adequate. The search was limited to articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2015 and identified abstracts were imported into Mendeley desktop software for review. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The investigators chose three key constructs: ‘Type 2 diabetes mellitus,’ ‘community health workers’ and ‘self-management’ for the literature search based on a number of iterative meetings and discussions. In all studies CHWs were recruited from the community where interventions took place (54 articles). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The review also showed that education only intervention using CHW is less likely to result in weight or BMI reduction compared to combination of education and support activities by CHW. Support services included informational, emotional, appraisal and instrumental support. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click These retrieved full texts articles were subsequently screened for eligibility and selected according to set inclusion criteria. Writing – original draft, The nurse’s role in teaching to promote patient management of diet, activities, and drugs for good control of diabetes is emphasized. | There is therefore the need for triaging and selection criteria for the clients who will most likely benefit from CHW support as far as HbA1c reduction is concerned. Ten studies (19%) reported that training lasted more than a week with two reporting five and six months training durations. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Writing – review & editing. The measures in our review were mostly related to T2DM knowledge and not inclusive of self-management or self-efficacy. World Health Organization. Project administration, The SMART2D consortium includes the following 6 partner institutions: Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium; Collaborative Care Systems, Finland; Makerere University, School of Public Health, Uganda; University of Western Cape, School of Public Health, South Africa; and Uppsala University, Sweden. Diabetes education is not always available in every country and even when available, patients do not always have access and therefore are not reached with this critical component of care[43,67]. Aligned to this is a growing use of community health workers (CHWs) to deliver T2DM self-management support with good clinical outcomes especially in High Income Countries (HIC). 2020 Jan 6;20(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12902-019-0483-z. Community Health Nursing* Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis In other studies where curricula were developed for the study purpose, intervention designers used community-based participatory research (CBPR) with stakeholders including CHWs and other care providers. Basel, Switzerland; 2013. Peter Arthur Delobelle, While high school diploma was frequently required for selection (16 articles), one article reported that there was no academic qualification requirement for selection as a CHW. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198424.g003. Palmas et al (2015) in a systematic review of CHW interventions similarly identified education, support and advocacy as the major roles played by CHWs[73]. Global Report on Diabetes [Internet]. Charting was done by the first author with regular iteration among all co-authors, based on a review of the available information in each article, which was updated as new information emerged. NIH Archives of Internal Medicine 2009;169(19):1788-94. Community health workers in Canada and other high-income countries: A scoping review and research gaps. This is given by subcutaneous injection by several means, including a syringe, pre-filled pens or a pen containing a pre-filled cartridge. DIABETES MELLITUS INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect the body uses blood sugar (glucose). JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015 Oct;13(10):30-40. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1927. Data curation, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa, Iteration between all the authors however ensured rigorous article selection and charting. Thirty-eight (70%) of the studies reported that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was the biomarker used to monitor blood sugar control and measure the success of intervention. Support services included informational, emotional, appraisal and instrumental support. Nurses have a key role to play in the prevention, treatment and management of diabetes. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Available from: International Diabetes Federation. CHWs play several roles in T2DM self-management, including structured education, ongoing support and health system advocacy. Diagram showing outcomes frequently targeted and reported in CHW supported self-management of type…, NLM The review will focus on the roles they (CHW) play, including what they do, how they are prepared to perform these roles and what they influence (outcomes). Glucose is vital to health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. As nurses working in community care, a number of responsibilities are involved in care of patient with diabetes including assessment and providing optimal intervention (Carey & Courtenay, 2008). It is important to mention that in HIC, HbA1c tests may be freely available as a routine diabetes investigation, but for many LMIC, routine access to HbA1c is limited. Preparing and coordinating CHWs for these roles is essential for success and will need further research and strengthening. Globally the number of people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen significantly over the last few decades. Supervision, Managing diabetes is a team effort Managing diabetes is a team effort that involves health care providers, diabetes self-management education, family and friends and community support. Case Study of Diabetes Mellitus and Community Health Nurse. Other instrumental roles reported in the selected studies included helping with paperwork for services, accompanying patients, and arranging health services. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198424.g005. 2020 Sep 11;10(3):121. doi: 10.3390/jpm10030121. 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role of community health nurse in diabetes mellitus