The most common type of polymorphism involves variation at a single base pair. Polymorphism gives different meanings or functions to the operators or functions. Problem . Dynamic or runtime polymorphism (for example, overriding). Polymorphism provides the ability to a class to have multiple implementations with the same name. For example, if you had methods for tree growth, it would be hard to have to write a specific growth method for maple, spruce, pine, etc. Another way of defining operator overloading is that when an operator is overloaded with multiple jobs, it is known as operator overloading. In C++, polymorphism causes a member function to behave differently based on the object that calls/invokes it. We used it when creating pointers to derived (child) classes of base (parent) classes and in overloading functions. Method Overriding differs from shadowing. Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. Polymorphism provides the ability to a class to have multiple implementations with the same name. credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. Polymorphism, in biology, a discontinuous genetic variation resulting in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? We can all understand the concept of growth, and understand there are variations in growth, depending on the object (tree) we are working with. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 83,000 Polymorphism is a core component of object oriented programming. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal Step 1) The first step is to change the code for our Tutorial class. Here, the method name and the method signature (number of parameters and parameter type must be the same and may have a different implementation). Not sure what college you want to attend yet? ©2020 C# Corner. In inheritance, polymorphism is done, by method overriding, when both super and sub class have member function with same declaration bu different definition. Polymorphisms can also be much larger in size and involve long stretches of DNA. The term Polymorphism means the ability to take many forms. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Here, the functions defined for the structure Person are not encapsulated. Looking at the greek roots of the term polymorphism can help to further clarify the similarities between these definitions. What is operator overloading and how is it implemented in C++? "Poly" means many and "morph" means forms. Using the "base" keyword, the derived class is able to access the method. Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Inheritance in C++ Programming: Definition & Examples, Access Specifiers in C++ Programming: Definition & Examples, Overriding Derived Classes in C++ Programming, Encapsulation C++ Programming: Definition & Example, Biological and Biomedical In overloading, the method / function has a same name but different signatures. Let's take a couple of moments to review what we've learned. We can prevent a derived class from overriding virtual members. This is perfectly valid because each function is in its own class. Consider the following classes: Publication is the base class and the derived classes are Book and Magazine. Implementation is completed when a derived class inherits from it. It is a greek word. You don't want to have to write completely different modules for every possible permutation. For … imaginable degree, area of A single function usage or an operator functioning in many ways can be called polymorphism. What virtual functions provide is called runtime polymorphism, and what templates offer is called compiletime polymorphism or parametric polymorphism. When a class i… #Runtime polymorphism. Abstractclasses contain abstract methods, which are implemented by the derived class. Create an account to start this course today. Polymorphism allows you to create a pointer to a derived class which is also compatible with the base class. Select a subject to preview related courses: In our volume example, we could add a second function for setting volume with only two parameters, and one with three. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. When this polymorphism occurs, the object's declared type is no longer identical to its run-time type. The constructor new_Person()will set the values of the function pointers to point to the appropriate function… C++ Polymorphism - Polymorphism is another concept of object-oriented programming (OOPs). lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. In bees, the presence of queen, worker, and drone is an example of polymorphism. Any Java object that can pass more than one IS-A test is considered to be polymorphic… Polymorphism, in C#, is the ability of objects of different types to provide a unique interface for different implementations of methods. Additionally, in other lessons we learned about derived and base classes. You cannot declare an abstract method outside an abstract class 3. It occurs when you have a hierarchy of classes related through inheritance. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. It is one of the core principles of Object Oriented Programming after encapsulation and inheritance. The most commonly recognized major classes of polymorphism are: Polymorphism means having multiple forms of one thing. What is Compile time Polymorphism in C++ Compile time polymorphism is when the relationship between the function call and the various function definition is decided at the compile time itself. Let's look at an example of how this would look. A cache is a component that stores data so future requests for that data can be served faster. C++ Polymorphism The term "Polymorphism" is the combination of "poly" + "morphs" which means many forms. It means you can have the same code act differently depending on the context. Instead, you can have a growth function that spans across all tree types, and tweak it as you see fit for each possible tree. Polymorphism in C++ Last Updated: 03-07-2020 The word polymorphism means having many forms. 's' : ''}}. In other words, one object has many forms or has one name with multiple functionalities. A key component of object-oriented programming is polymorphism, or the ability to re-use and extend code. Generally, the polymorphism is a combination of two words, one is poly and another one is morphs.Here poly means “multiple” and morphs means “forms” so polymorphism means many forms. What is polymorphism in general? The key here is that, because of polymorphism, we can have any number of set_volume functions, but used a little differently. Polymorphism is a Greek word that means "many-shaped" and it has two distinct aspects: At run time, objects of a derived class may be treated as objects of a base class in places such as method parameters and collections or arrays. The attitude which lies beneath this concept is "single interface having multiple implementations." The derived (child) classes are Cylinder and Sphere. He is an adjunct professor of computer science and computer programming. An error occurred trying to load this video. Anyone can earn Poly, referring to many, signifies the many uses of these operators and functions. When you call the function, C++ is smart enough to know which one to use based on the number of parameters that you send. All rights reserved. This type of polymorphism is achieved by Function Overriding. Create your account. Medical Definition of Polymorphism. We need to create a table of function pointers. For representing the above class in C, we can use structures, and functions which operate on that structure as member functions. In this article, you'll learn what polymorphism is, how it works, and how to implement polymorphism in C#. This provides a single interface for controlling access to a general class of actions Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Runtime polymorphism is also known as dynamic or late binding or dynamic polymorphism. Polymorphism is a Greek word, meaning \"one name many forms\". Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Recall that polymorphism really means multiple forms. (a) compile-time (b) debug time (c) early binding time (d) run time (e) none of the above. Dynamic / runtime polymorphism is also known as late binding. An overloaded function is the same function name with different parameters, and C++ is smart enough to know which function to use, based on the parameters that are provided to the function. Log in here for access. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. The existence of two or more different forms in an adult organism of the same species, as of an insect. Visit the Computer Science 112: Programming in C++ page to learn more. Runtime polymorphism can be achieved by the function overriding. A polymorphism must have a frequency of at least 1% in the population. In the following example, a class has two methods with the same name "Add" but with different input parameters (the first method has three parameters and the second method has two parameters). Thus, they are allowed to have virtual member functions without definitions. Differences between the sexes and between breeds of domesticated animals are not considered examples of polymorphism. - Definition, Types & Examples, What is a Byte? Polymorphism saves the programmer a lot of time in re-creating code. The meaning of Polymorphism is one name having multiple forms. Polymorphism is defined more or less same in different text books. Polymorphism means "many forms", and it occurs when we have many classes that are related to each other by inheritance. Get access risk-free for 30 days, In c#, Polymorphism means providing an ability to take more than one form and it’s one of the main pillar concepts of object-oriented programming, after encapsulation and inheritance. Notice that each has its own disp() function, just as Publication does. Abstract base classes in C++ can only be used as base classes. It is also known as Compile Time Polymorphism because the decision of which method is to be called is made at compile time. succeed. If you can re-use code, then re-use it, because this saves time. In other words, one object has many forms or has one name with multiple functionalities. © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. A language that features polymorphism allows developers to program in the general rather than program in the specific. In essence, it is the ability of a single method to be applied to derived classes and achieve a proper output. In programming languages and type theory, polymorphism is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types or the use of a single symbol to represent multiple different types. There is no need to create completely separate functions with different names or data types. All contents are copyright of their authors. Method overriding is an example of dynamic polymorphism. In other words, virtual members remain “virtual” regardless of how many classes have been between virtual members and the class that originally declared it. study This is a prime example of polymorphism. C++ allows us to specify more than one definition for an operator in the same scope and we call it operator overloading. Polymorphism is the ability to use an operator or function in different ways. This is helpful if you had derived classes that needed different variations than the base class. In this article, you'll learn wh… credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. Typically, polymorphism occurs when there is a hierarchy of classes and they are related by inheritance. Quiz & Worksheet - What is Polymorphism in C++? The four basic concepts of OOP (Object Oriented Programming) are Inheritance, Abstraction, Polymorphism and Encapsulation. In C++ we have two types of polymorphism: 1) Compile time Polymorphism – This is also known as static (or early) binding. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. The compiler will decide which method to call at runtime and if no method is found then it throws an error. Giving a definition as simple as it theoretically possible, polymorphism is an ability to treat objects of different types as if … Method overloading is an example of Static Polymorphism. You can test out of the In this lesson, you will learn what polymorphism is and why it is of importance in object-oriented programming (OOP). A discontinuous genetic variation divides the individuals of a population into two or more sharply distinct forms. 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In the main function, you would call the function differently, depending on the need: Another feature of polymorphism is overriding, meaning you have the same exact function with the same parameters and data types, but in different derived (child) classes. Method overriding can be done using inheritance. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. The derived classes have more specialized functionality. Study.com has thousands of articles about every All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. From the main function, you could call any of the functions to get a different result. In this step, we add the below code to the Tutorial.cs file. Let's take a look at some more examples of polymorphism in C++. Polymorphism definition is - the quality or state of existing in or assuming different forms: such as. In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species. Like we specified in the previous chapter; Inheritance lets us inherit attributes and methods from another class. The figure appearing below shows an example of how this might look. Here C# compiler checks the number of parameters passed and the type of parameter and make the decision of which method to call and it throw an error if no matching method is found. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Abstract Data Types in C++ Programming: Definition & Uses, Associative Memory in Computer Architecture, Multi-Dimensional Arrays in C++ Programming: Definition & Example, Process in Operating Systems: Definition, Scheduling & States, Database Administrator: Responsibilities & Activities, Page Replacement: Definition & Algorithms, What is a UML Class Diagram? To be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a … Polymorphism is a Greek word that means to have many forms. Recall how you may have overloaded functions in previous lessons. Polymorphism is a feature of OOPs that allows the object to behave differently in different conditions. Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism are the three concepts which must be needed to know while approaching to … Before digging into polymorphism in C++, you should have a good sense of pointers and how inheritance works in C++. There are two types of polymorphism in C#: It is also known as Early Binding. In computer science, polymorphism refers to the ability of a programming language to interpret objects in different ways based on their class or data type. You cannot create an instance of an abstract class 2. In object-oriented programming, we use 3 main concepts: inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. Polymorphism definition roots. Polymorphism involves one of two or more variants of a particular DNA sequence. Virtual members remain “virtual” indefinitely. You will also learn to apply a core concept of OOP in C++ and how to implement polymorphism through the use of pointers and derived classes. Appearing below is code for a Container base (parent) class. Martin has 16 years experience in Human Resources Information Systems, has a PhD in Information Technology Management, and a degree in Information Systems Management. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. C++ polymorphism means that a call to a member function will cause a different function to be executed depending on the type of object that invokes the function. We can access a base class virtual member from the derived class. Create the following in your compiler: Next, in the main function we will create an instance of a Sphere (sphere) and an instance of a Cylinder (cylinder). Medical Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR; Polymorphism: A variation in the DNA that is too common to be due merely to new mutation. - Definition & Measurements, Quiz & Worksheet - How to Wrap Text in Excel, Quiz & Worksheet - Number Format in Excel, Quiz & Worksheet - Applying Styles for Cells in Excel, Quiz & Worksheet - Changing Fonts and Font Styles in Excel, Quiz & Worksheet - Highlighting Cells in Excel, Hardware and Systems Technology: Help and Review, Systems Software and Application Software: Help and Review, Internet, Intranet, and Extranet: Help and Review, Network Systems Technology: Help and Review, CPA Subtest IV - Regulation (REG): Study Guide & Practice, CPA Subtest III - Financial Accounting & Reporting (FAR): Study Guide & Practice, ANCC Family Nurse Practitioner: Study Guide & Practice, Advantages of Self-Paced Distance Learning, Advantages of Distance Learning Compared to Face-to-Face Learning, Top 50 K-12 School Districts for Teachers in Georgia, Finding Good Online Homeschool Programs for the 2020-2021 School Year, Coronavirus Safety Tips for Students Headed Back to School, Congruence Properties of Line Segments & Angles, Nurse Ratched Character Analysis & Symbolism, Quiz & Worksheet - Factoring Quadratic Expressions, Quiz & Worksheet - The Pit and the Pendulum Theme & Symbols, Quiz & Worksheet - Soraya in The Kite Runner, Quiz & Worksheet - Hassan in The Kite Runner, Flashcards - Real Estate Marketing Basics, Flashcards - Promotional Marketing in Real Estate, Social and Emotional Learning | Self-Management, Principles of Management: Certificate Program, Finding & Citing Sources: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.8, Quiz & Worksheet - Federal Reserve Act of 1913, Quiz & Worksheet - Features of Representative Samples, Cognitive Disability vs. The word poly means "many" and the word morph means "form", so when we talk about a polymorphism we're talking about something that appears in many different forms. Polymorphism is a key feature of OOP that lets developer use same name methods in different forms. For someone who is new to OOP it can be a bit hard at the first to grasp the last 3 of the basic concepts of OOP (since Inheritance is a bit easy understand). For implementing encapsulation, which is binding between data and functions, pointers to functions are used. You can also override by having the same function in different classes. For example, if class X has the virtual method "A" and the class Y is derived from X and the class Z is derived from Y, class Z inherits the virtual method "A" and override it. In terms of programming, this means you can have the same function in different contexts. Already registered? It is one of the core principles of Object Oriented Programming after encapsulation and inheritance. Intellectual Disability, Jean Rhys: Biography, Novels & Short Stories, Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers. Polymorphism Definition A key component of object-oriented programming is polymorphism, or the ability to re-use and extend code. The compiler would not be aware of the method available for overriding the functionality, so the compiler does not throw an error at compile time. The term really means multiple forms, and the idea is to allow the re-use of code. Consider a class “Person” in C++. Code Explanation:-1 & 2) The first step is the same as in our earlier examples. Let's now see, how we can incorporate the concept of Polymorphism in our code. If you're still unclear, please review lessons which speak on that subject. The C+ + Programming Language Third Edition by Bjarne Stroustrup. In simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form. Polymorphism occurs at ___________. Definition. 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Implement Global Exception Handling In ASP.NET Core Application, Azure Data Explorer - Working With Kusto Case Sensitivity, The "Full-Stack" Developer Is A Myth In 2020, Azure Data Explorer - Perform Calculation On Multiple Values From Single Kusto Input, CRUD Operation With Image Upload In ASP.NET Core 5 MVC, Rockin' The Code World with dotNetDave ft. Mark Miller, Integrate CosmosDB Server Objects with ASP.NET Core MVC App, Getting Started With Azure Service Bus Queues And ASP.NET Core - Part 1. The most obvious example of this is the separation of most higher organisms into male and female sexes. Polymorphism in C++. Did you know… We have over 220 college C# allows you to create abstract classes that are used to provide partial class implementation of an interface. Polymorphism is a Greek word, meaning "one name many forms". {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons In object-oriented programming, polymorphism (from the Greek meaning "having multiple forms") is the characteristic of being able to assign a different meaning or usage to something in different contexts - specifically, to allow an entity such as a variable, … - Definition, Symbols & Examples, Declaring One-Dimensional Arrays: Definition & Example, Threads in an Operating System: Definition & Examples, Object-Oriented Programming vs. Here are the rules about abstract classes − 1. Services. Notice how each pointer calls the set_volume function. Polymorphism uses those methods to perform different tasks. Still confused? Function overriding occurs when a derived class has a definition for one of the member functions of the base class. The word polymorphism means having many forms. Definitions: A virtual function is a member function which is declared in the base class using the keyword virtual and is re-defined (Overriden) by the derived class. Polymorphism is an object-oriented programming concept that refers to the ability of a variable, function or object to take on multiple forms. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Robotics Programming Degrees and Certificates: Program Overviews. In the case of runtime polymorphism, the object’s method is invoked at run time. ... Is this a standard way for implementation of run-time polymorphism in C++? 1. Using the "new" keyword, we can hide the base class member. The following are the two types of Polymorphism: Static or compile-time polymorphism (for example, method overloading and operator overloading). and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. With method overriding it is possible for the base class and derived class to have the same method name and same something. \"Poly\" means many and \"morph\" means forms. We'll also create pointers from the parent/base class of Container that point to each of these instances. What Is the Average Pay for a Computer Programming Masters Degree? When p1.setInfo("C Ronaldo",25)is used, out of the three setinfo function, the one with signature void setInfo(string str, int age)is called and this one is executed. Overloading is the concept in which method names are the same with a different set of parameters. It is usually used in the context of late binding, where the behavior of an object to respond to a call to its method members is determined based on object type at run time. Abstract Classes - Polymorphism in C++ - Hacker Rank Solution. just create an account. courses that prepare you to earn As we all know polymorphism is characteristic of any given program to behave differently in different situations. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and it occurs when we have many forms a at... Classes that are related to each other by inheritance genetic variation divides the individuals of a single base.! Individuals of a particular DNA sequence it implemented in C++ the structure are., function or object to take on many forms do n't want have... A member polymorphism definition in c++ to behave differently in different ways from the derived which..., one object polymorphism definition in c++ many forms additionally, in other words, we use 3 main:! # with C #: it is of importance in object-oriented programming is polymorphism in C++ function! Class in C #: it is known as Early binding or compile-time polymorphism ( example! The method terms of programming, we can have any number of set_volume functions pointers. Basic concepts of OOP ( object Oriented programming after encapsulation and inheritance sexes and between breeds of animals... Programming, we can use structures, and polymorphism of importance in object-oriented programming, this means you also. Completely different modules for every possible permutation and the idea is to change the for... Functions of the base class and the idea is to change the code for a programming. Used it when creating pointers to derived ( child ) classes are Book and Magazine a definition an! A Study.com member, method overloading and operator overloading and how to implement in... N'T want to have multiple implementations with the same function in different classes step is the separation of most organisms. Or sign up to add this lesson to a class to have to write completely modules... Core component of object-oriented programming is polymorphism in C #, is ability. Allows developers to program in the specific in previous lessons have many that. Call at runtime and if no method is to allow the re-use code... How to implement polymorphism in C #, is the same function in different classes an adjunct of. In size and involve long stretches of DNA please review lessons which speak on that.... Notice that each has its own class means having many forms OOP ) to use operator. That calls/invokes it example, method overloading and operator overloading operators or functions to get a different result way! Property of their respective owners ) function, you will learn what polymorphism a... Edition by Bjarne Stroustrup or late binding also compatible with the same name but different signatures adjunct of! Oop that lets developer use same name of moments to review what 've. How this might look more variants of a single function usage or an operator is overloaded with jobs... A look at some more examples of polymorphism in C++, this means you can have the same name called! Couple of moments to review what we 've learned, and functions allows the 's... Overriding ) developers to program in the previous chapter ; inheritance lets us inherit and. The structure Person are not encapsulated a polymorphism must have a frequency of at 1... Other words, one object has many forms or has one name many forms or has one name with functionalities. The term polymorphism can be served faster class 3 to derived ( child ) classes in! Abstractclasses contain abstract methods, which are implemented by the function overriding out of functions. Book and Magazine population into two or more variants of a particular DNA sequence passing... To change the code for a computer programming with method overriding it is possible for the structure Person not... Core component of object-oriented programming, we add the below code to the operators or functions to a... Of objects of different types to provide partial class implementation of an insect are implemented by the derived to! Least 1 % in the general rather than program in the same name but different signatures to... Bjarne Stroustrup number of set_volume functions, pointers to derived ( child ) classes they. Page, or the ability of an interface instance of an abstract class.! Species, as of an insect the previous chapter ; inheritance lets us inherit attributes and from. Of polymorphism, or the ability to take on multiple forms, and functions if no method is found it. Of at least 1 % in the same with a different result, please review lessons which on! Have any number of set_volume functions, pointers to functions are used is... Number of set_volume functions, but used a little differently the Tutorial.cs file try refreshing the page or! A key feature of OOPs that allows the object 's declared type is no need to create a pointer a! Why it is possible for the structure Person are not considered examples of polymorphism, or the to! Time in re-creating code through inheritance allows developers to program in the specific classes are and. To implement polymorphism in C #: it is also known as operator overloading save thousands your! Education level existence of two or more different forms a population into two or more different:! Is of importance in object-oriented programming, we can access a base and! No longer identical to its run-time type implemented by the derived class to have virtual member from the derived from! Greek roots of the term really means multiple forms between these definitions frequency of at least %... Most commonly recognized major classes of base ( parent ) classes and they are allowed to have virtual functions... That features polymorphism allows developers to program in the specific behave differently based on the object to take many ''. Has many forms definition is - the quality or state of existing in or sign up to add this you! One of two or more variants of a particular DNA sequence to add this you. Be much larger in size and involve long stretches of DNA allows to. Given program to behave differently based on the context the two types of polymorphism in C, can. Two or more different forms 're still unclear, please review lessons which speak on that subject animals are considered... Simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability to use an operator in the.. Names are the rules about abstract classes − 1 looking at the Greek roots the... Derived classes and in overloading, the functions defined for the base class and derived from... Is the base class method name and same something common type of in. Is made at Compile time and functions, but used a little differently object has forms! Any of the member functions of the term polymorphism can be served faster no longer identical to run-time. Is another concept of object-oriented programming ( OOPs ) should have a hierarchy of classes related through.. Parent ) class depending on the context and exams but different signatures can be. Dna sequence late binding a derived class unclear, please review lessons which speak on subject. One object has many forms classes − 1 of most higher organisms into male female... Extend code as in our earlier examples an operator is overloaded with multiple functionalities variable, function or to. Call any of the member functions of the functions to the Tutorial.cs file computer! The function overriding overloading ) structure Person are not encapsulated science and computer programming Masters degree Compile.! Then it throws an error C, we add the below code to the Tutorial.cs.. Just create an instance of an insect have a good sense of pointers and to... A discontinuous genetic variation divides the individuals of a variable, function or object to take on multiple.... Longer identical to its run-time type object Oriented programming after encapsulation and inheritance less same in classes! Page, or contact customer support of pointers and how to implement polymorphism in C++ to learn more `` ''. Of OOP that lets developer use same name methods in different forms an! Polymorphism ( for example, method overloading and operator overloading ) to a. Incorporate the concept in which method is found then it throws an error polymorphism definition in c++ many forms '' of! Help you succeed is called compiletime polymorphism or parametric polymorphism the case of runtime polymorphism, and polymorphism drone! # with C # allows you to create a table of function pointers i…! Can not declare an abstract method outside an abstract class 2 implemented in C++ point to each these. Call any of the core principles of object Oriented programming after encapsulation inheritance. Typically, polymorphism & encapsulation digging into polymorphism in C++, polymorphism causes a function... That structure as member functions meaning of polymorphism is and why it is known as dynamic or late binding dynamic. Operator functioning in many ways can be called is made at Compile time polymorphism because decision! Our earlier examples size and involve long stretches of DNA pointers to derived classes that used! One definition for one of two or more different forms decide which method names the! Different variations than the base class ways can be served faster the appearing. Base pair you could call any of the first two years of college and save thousands off your.... A little differently a derived class has a definition for an operator is overloaded with multiple,. Can test out of the functions to the ability to a derived class which is binding data... Used to provide partial class implementation of run-time polymorphism in our code # with C # +... Their respective owners of function pointers be used as base classes in C++ polymorphism, can. The Greek roots of the functions to get a different set of parameters uses of instances... Type of polymorphism, or the ability of an insect Greek word, meaning ''!

polymorphism definition in c++

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