There is a difference between fruit and vegetables! Sexual reproduction in angiosperms results in the formation of seeds. Other types of indeterminate inflorescences include umbels and capitula, or heads. At the end of pregnancy, the mother gives birth to the baby through the vagina. Each carpel consists of a stigma, style and ovary. If you are ovulating, it does not matter if it is the first time you have sex, you can still fall pregnant. If your teacher has petunias or hibiscus flowers, dissect one of those. This tells us that between age 6 and 10 years old, boys are generally taller than girls. Pollination is assisted by animals (pollinators), the wind and/ or water. Puberty is the stage in the human life cycle when sexual organs mature for reproduction. While the pill is excellent at preventing pregnancy, it offers NO protection against STDs. The stamen, seemingly the equivalent of the gymnospermous microsporophyll, consists of an anther (a group of two to four microsporangia) borne at the tip of a blade stalk, or filament. Non-recurrent apomixis is when a plant embryo forms directly from a haploid cell (Scott 2008). Do the growth spurts take place at the same age for boys and girls? Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi and Protists reproduce asexually. In a number of cases (e.g., legumes), the embryo consumes the endosperm during its development, resulting in a mature seed with a massive embryo and no endosperm. Female condoms also prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. They hope that this will increase the production of maize. It illustrates the formation of the male and female gametes in the reproductive organs of the flower. Two tubes connect the uterus with the ovaries - these are called the fallopian tubes or the oviducts. Point out to learners that people often lie and exaggerate when it comes to sex. Definition Asexual reproduction does not involve the manufacture or union of sex cells or gametes e.g. Put your letter in a safe place at home where you can often see it to remind yourself of your promise to yourself. Label the ovary and ovule on the above diagram. We are now going to look at how animals reproduce. The main purpose of the human reproductive organs is to produce a mature sperm or egg that can fuse and create a new human baby. Look at the following image of the seed. Or else, they could say that they do not think air pollution will get to the level where it affects the flight of pollinators, or there could be other pollinators that might not be affected, etc. Explain in words what you think this graph is telling us about how boys and girls grow from 0 to 18 years old. Sexual reproduction in angiosperms involves the formation of gametes in the respective organs followed by pollination and fertilization forming seeds and embryo. Vegetative parts of the plant like stem, root or leaves are involved in this type of reproduction. We have now finished looking at how angiosperm plants reproduce. Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi and Protists reproduce asexually. Celebrations and memorable events in your life. In others, the female gametophyte is diploid through an impairment of the meiotic process; in this case, the egg (diploid parthenogenesis) or one of the related cells may form an embryo. This is also called parthogenesis. Asexual reproduction results in a clone of genetically identical organisms. Reproduction in flowering plants begins with pollination, the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma on the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant (self-pollination) or from the anther on one plant to the stigma of another plant (cross-pollination). Often, myths are quite old stories that are passed down from one generation to the next. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Once the pollen grain lodges on the stigma, a pollen tube grows from the pollen grain to an ovule. As children grow older, they also grow taller, so height is dependent on age. When it arrives in the uterus, it is safely attached in the thick lining of the uterus. In certain strains of mosses, the gametophyte can give rise to clusters of presumably haploid sporophytes without the functioning of gametes; such apogamous formation of sporophytes may also be chemically induced (by application of a solution containing a specific amount of chloral hydrate to both the protonema and leafy shoots). In others (rose, cherry, peach), the perianth and stamens are borne on the rim of a concave structure in the depression of which the pistil is borne; such flowers are perigynous (i.e., borne on a ring or cup of the receptacle surrounding a pistil). Some representative variations occur in the reproductive process of angiosperms. "It's a long shot but one we hope will bear fruits" commented Dr Wimple. Using your dissecting knife or scalpel, cut the ovary in half. However, nowadays, there are many times in a girl's life when her hymen can break without having sex, such as by using a tampon or horseriding, or by doing gymnastics or ballet. What does each line represent? [3 marks]. Why do you think this is so? Generally plants produce a large amount of pollen to maximise the chances of the pollen being transferred to as many different stigmas on as many different flowers (of the same species) as possible. The colour of the petals are also dark, like meat. These trees normally grow near water so that when the seeds fall off, they fall into the water to be transported away. What do our reproductive organs look like when they are mature? While asexual reproduction only involves one organism, sexual reproduction requires both a male and a female. Stigma is large and feather-like to filter the air and catch the drifting pollen. Learner-dependent answer. Anthers are carried on long filaments that hang down. Why do you think this is so? )Gymnosperm C.)Angiosperm D.)Pupa 2. Some of the things which learners will be experiencing are listed below. In a graph, there are two variables. Vegetative Reproduction. Asexual reproduction produces individuals that are genetically identical to the parent plant. There are different contraceptives available today. Based on your family history and the height of other members of your family, predict whether you will 'follow the curve' or whether you will be shorter or taller than the average person your age? This can be read from the graph where the two lines cross (we say they intersect). There are two basic ways in which reproduction can take place: Asexual reproduction occurs when one parent organism makes offspring which are identical to the parent. Our country's constitution protects your right to say no. In angiosperm plants, seeds are produced in the flowers. The seeds are quite small to be able to travel. What is the unit of measurement that height is recorded in? Animals: Animals may eat the fruit from the plant or the fallen fruit, and carry the seeds in their digestive systems. Furthermore, pistils may be simple (composed of one ovule-bearing unit, megasporophyll, or carpel) or compound (composed of more than one carpel). Once the egg cell is fertilised, it continues its journey to the uterus. Many women (not all) experience different pre-menstrual syndrome symptoms, which can include emotional changes, but this is not always so, and a woman's mood or emotional state should not automatically be attributed to PMS. The ovaries produce one mature egg each month during ovulation which is then transported to the oviduct. Remember this is a private letter and you can choose whether you want to show it to anyone else or not. Use your table of measurement to draw a graph of plant growth (height) over the 14 days of your investigation. How is this seed adapted for this kind of dispersal? If you wish to challenge the students, ask them if they think this trend will continue between the ages of 25 and 35? The seeds are small and light so that they can travel when they are shot out of the pod. The flower stem needs to be strong to support the bird. Female stigma is feathery and branched and acts as a filter trapping the pollen that is blown through it. We will look at flowering plants (angiosperms) as an example of sexual reproduction in plants and at human reproduction as an example of reproduction in animals. Asexual reproduction is a simpler process than sexual reproduction. It may be useful before starting this section to have a box where learner's can put questions in advance of the lesson. Under the right conditions, these seeds will germinate and grow into a new plant. A growth spurt is when children grow quite rapidly over the years, faster than over other years. The fertilised egg then moves to the uterus, is embedded in the lining of the uterus and grows for approximately 9 months before the baby is born. [3 marks]. Read ⦠Girls and boys do not, generally, go through puberty at exactly the same time: During puberty, you will experience different physical and emotional changes as your body develops towards sexual maturity and adulthood. Explain how you see yourself practising responsible choices regarding sex. Since asexual reproduction does not create new genetic pools in the offspring and consequently hampers their adaptability to external conditions, these groups have resorted to reproduction by the sexual method. Of the three cells of this gametophyte near the micropyle, one functions as an egg. The dependent variable is the variable that changes according to the independent variable. There are then no seeds to plant the next crops for the next year, and therefore there is less food for humans. Read this off the graph. As the rate of embryonic development decreases, the seeds of most angiosperms enter a period of dormancy, accompanied by dehydration and hardening of the integuments, which form seed coats. Oral contraceptive pills are used by many women today. Note: At this point you can also point out to learners that plants that are wind pollinated often grow in large populations where the huge numbers of plants increase the chances of these plants being pollinated (think of fields of grasses or reeds or forests of trees). After ovulation, if the egg in the oviduct does not fuse with a sperm and fertilisation does not take place, then the egg cell will still travel down to the uterus. It goes along the vertical y-axis. The loss of pollinators in Southern Africa, specifically wild bees and butterflies, has lead to further crop failures three years in a row. The designations suggest to the uninitiated, however, that pollen grains and sperm, on the one hand, and eggs and ovules, on the other, are identical, which is not the case. Condoms also help to prevent the spread of STDs. Simple fruits may be dry (legumes) or fleshy (peach, apple, tomato) at maturity. by this license. Did they tell you why they laughed? The lead researcher, Dr Wimple, has indicated that they have wild bee larvae from other parts of the world which were frozen several years ago to preserve them. As a homework assignment, read these to at least five separate members of your family and friends. 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